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The Global Pension Index 2021 compares the pension systems in 43 economies covering about 65% of the world's population.

The Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index uses three sub-indices – adequacy, sustainability and integrity – to measure each retirement income system against more than 50 indicators.

Some of the indicator adequacy sub-index considers are the benefits provided, the net household saving rate, the level of household debt and the home-ownership rate. The systems with the highest value for the adequacy sub-index are Iceland (82.7) and the Netherlands (82.1), with Thailand (35.2) and India (33.5) having the lowest values.

The sustainability sub-index considers a number of indicators such as level of funding, the length of expected retirement, the labour force participation rate of the older population, the current levels of public pension expenditure and government debt, and the level of real economic growth. The systems with the highest values for the sustainability sub-index are Iceland (84.6) and Denmark (83.5) with the lowest values being for Italy (21.3) and Austria (23.5).

The integrity sub-index considers three broad areas of the pension system, namely regulation and governance; protection and communication for members; and operating costs. The systems with the highest values for the integrity sub-index are Finland (93.1) and the Netherlands (87.9) with the lowest values being for the Philippines (35.0) and Argentina (43.0).

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