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The demand for hydrogen stood at 90 Mt in 2020. Most of it was generated from fossil fuels.

There were encouraging signs as well. The global capacity of electrolysers (low carbon), which are needed to produce hydrogen from electricity and water, doubled over the last five years to reach just over 300 MW by mid-2021.

The advantages of hydrogen as a fuel is that it is light, storable, reactive, has high energy content per unit mass and can be used without direct emissions of air pollutants or greenhouse gases.

Hydrogen is a key pillar of decarbonisation for the industry, but many technologies are still in their nascent stage.

Some major steps are being taken towards normalising hydrogen in the core sectors for example: The world’s first pilot project for producing carbon-free steel using low-carbon hydrogen began operation this year in Sweden. In Spain, a pilot project for the use of renewable-based hydrogen for ammonia production will start at the end of 2021.

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