In the recently released report by the IPCC- Climate Change 2021: the Physical Science Basis (Working Group I report), scientists have observed climate in every region and across the whole climate system on the planet. Many of these changes are irreversible over hundreds to thousands of years (e.g sea level rise).

The report shows that emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities are responsible for approximately 1.1°C of warming since 1850-1900s, and finds that the global temperature is expected to reach or exceed 1.5°C of warming over the next 20 years (at current emission levels).

The report projects that in the coming decades climate changes will increase in all regions. For 1.5°C of global warming, there will be increasing heat waves, longer warm seasons and shorter cold seasons. At 2°C of global warming, extreme heat would more often reach critical tolerance thresholds for agriculture and health, the report shows.

The report also suggests that strong and sustained reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases could limit climate change and the global temperatures can be stabilised in the next 20-30 years.