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 Humans have pumped around 2,500 billion tonnes of CO2 (GtCO2) into the atmosphere since 1850.

Globally, the emissions from land use and forestry have remained relatively consistent over the past two centuries (3GtCO2 in 1850 and 6GtCO2 in 2021). In contrast, emissions from fossil fuels have increased 12 fold over the past century (0.2GtCO2 in 1850 to 37GtCO2 in 2021).

The USA is the largest emitter of CO2 since 1850. By the end of 2021, the USA would have poured more than 509GtCO2 into the atmosphere, 20% of the global total.

China, with a share of 11.4% of cumulative CO2 emissions to date, stands at the second position. A major chunk of the emissions came post-2000 following growth in coal consumption for electricity generation.

Russia is third, with some 6.9% of global cumulative CO2 emissions, followed by Brazil (4.5%) and Indonesia (4.1%).

(Note: The national emissions are as per the current geographic entities/countries. This was done by aggregating and disaggregating the emissions based on the changing territorial boundaries. Examples of aggregation include merging East and West Germany to the currently defined Germany. Examples of disaggregation include reallocating the emissions from the former USSR to the resulting independent countries

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